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1992-10-29
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GIF2JPG and JPG2GIF
Version 2.0
October 30, 1992
Handmade Software, Inc.
15951 Los Gatos Blvd., Suite 17
Los Gatos, CA 95032
+1 408 358 1292 tel
+1 408 358 2694 fax
+1 408 356 3297 bbs
internet: hsi@netcom.com
compuserve: 71330,3136
Copyright (c) 1990-1992
All Rights Reserved
Introduction
JPG2GIF and GIF2JPG are a set of programs which convert GIF
files to JPEG files and JPEG files back to GIF files.
Why would you want to do this?
Because JPEG files are typically smaller than GIF files. So,
by converting images from GIF to JPEG you save on modeming
time, long distance charges, and disk storage requirements.
The disadvantage is that most viewers are designed for GIF
files, and so your JPEG files must be converted back to GIF
for viewing.
Hardware Requirements
An IBM PC/AT or clone with an 80286 or better processor.
A hard drive (JPG2GIF needs to open temporary files while
processing; you must have at least 3 times as much disk space
available as the largest image you are converting. For
example, a 640 by 480 file requires 1 Megabyte of free space).
MS-DOS or PC-DOS 3.1 or later.
380K of available RAM.
The Freeware Concept
GIF2JPG and JPG2GIF are freeware programs. Please feel free
to distribute them by giving copies to your friends, uploading
them to bulletin boards, and trading them at user clubs. You
must distribute them unaltered, and as a set, including this
document. You may not sell these files for more than a $7.00
media duplication cost.
Although GIF2JPG and JPG2GIF used to be shareware programs,
they are now freeware. You may use them as much as you like,
for as long as you like; there is no registration fee. It is
important to note that these programs are still copyrighted,
and not in the public domain. As such, they cannot be sold
for profit, and may not be used in or disributed as part of
any freeware, shareware, or commercial software without the
prior written consent of Handmade Software, Inc.
Using GIF2JPG & JPG2GIF
To convert .GIF files to .JPG files:
GIF2JPG [options] [files...]
If any .JPG files with the same name already exist you will be
asked whether to overwrite them. If any GIF89A files are
encountered you will be asked whether or not to convert them.
GIF89A files are not automatically converted since they can
contain text and multiple images; this information will be
lost when the image is converted to a JPEG file.
To convert .JPG files to .GIF files:
JPG2GIF [options] [files...]
If any .GIF files already exist you will be asked whether or
not to overwrite them.
There are three options which are common to both programs:
-a: automatically proceeds (overwriting any existing
files and converting GIF89A files).
-h: display the help screen
-k: kill (delete) the original files after they are
processed.
The GIF2JPG program has two additional options:
-q[n]: specify the JPEG quality factor which will be
used when compressing GIF files.
The default is 55.
A lower number will result in a higher
compression ratio, but a lower quality image.
Specifying a very low quality factor (less than
15) will result in poor quality images.
-s: write an HSI JPEG file (not compatible with the
JFIF standard).
HSI JPEG files typically give better compression,
especially with images containing lots of
continuous-colour, but can only be read by
Handmade Software, Inc. products.
Note that you may specify wild cards as part of the file name
and that multiple file names may be specified.
Examples:
GIF2JPG -q30 *.gif
Will convert all .GIF files in the current directory to .JPG
files, using a quality factor of 30.
JPG2GIF -k -a test.jpg madonna.jpg n?.jpg
Will convert the specified files back to .GIF files, deleting
the .JPG files and automatically overwriting the existing GIF
files.
Temporary Storage
GIF2JPG and JPG2GIF create temporary files on your hard drive
when performing various conversions. These temporary files
are normally placed in the current directory. To force the
creation of these files in a different directory, or different
drive, you can set the environment variable TMP to the desired
location.
To set the temporary directory to C:\TEMP, you would type
C:\>set TMP=c:\temp
at the DOS prompt.
If you interrupt GIF2JPG or JPG2GIF or it aborts with an
error, it is possible that the temporary files might not be
deleted. The files have the name TMPxxxxx.
Image Quality
JPEG compression works best on images which are continuous
tone images, such as those produced by a scanner or digitizer.
Images which are drawn with paint programs typically do not
JPEG compress very well.
In addition, the best quality JPEG images result when you
start with 24 bit, undithered images. Unfortunately GIF does
not support 24 bit images, and most of the 8 bit GIF images
are dithered. So, if you are using a scanner or digitizer to
produce images, you can get better compression ratios, and
better quality images, if you generate 24 bit Targa or TIFF
files and then convert them to JPEG files. You can't do this
with GIF2JPG, but you can with another Handmade product, Image
Alchemy. See the blatant ad below.
Answers to Frequently Asked Questions:
Q: How do you pronounce JPG?
A: Jay-peg. JPG is short for JPEG, which is short for Joint
Photographic Experts Group. Note that we use JPEG and
JPG to mean the same thing; JPG only exists because PC
file names are restricted to having a three letter
extension.
By the way, we firmly believe that GIF should be
pronounced with a hard G like the word gift. The primary
justification for this is that GIF stands for Graphics
Interchange Format, and the word Graphics starts with a
hard G. So if you call us up for technical support don't
be surprised if we say GIF (with a hard G).
Q: So what exactly is JPEG?
A: JPEG is a lossy image file compression standard. It is
lossy because the files you get out are not quite the
same as the files you put in. JPEG compression achieves
much higher compression ratios this way. Most of the
time the changes to the image are not noticeable. The -q
option allows you to control the amount of loss (and the
compression ratios) of the images.
If you would like more information on the JPEG standard
please contact:
ANSI
11 West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036
+1 212 642 4900
Q: Are GIF2JPG .JPG files compatible with anything else?
A: Those files which are written without using the -s option
are compatible with the JPEG File Interchange Format
standard (JFIF, pronounced Jay-fif). JFIF software is
available from a wide variety of software and hardware
vendors. Files written out with the -s option are a
custom format specific to Handmade Software.
Q: Why can't I view a JPG file directly?
A: JPEG files are always 24 bit images, which can't be
viewed directly on standard VGA boards. If you happen to
have a 24 bit SVGA (such as the ATI XL24, Orchid
Fahrenheit 24 bit 1280, Genoa 7900, etc.) and the
software you are using to view it can deal with 24 bit
files and video cards, it is possible to view JPEG
images. Any of the above mentioned boards along with
Image Alchemy, for instance, will allow you to view 24
bit JPEG images.
It is possible to convert a 24 bit image for display on
an 8 bit display; that is after all what JPG2GIF does
when it converts to a GIF file, but it is slow compared
to viewing 24 bit images directly.
Q: What is planned for future releases of GIF2JPG?
A: This is the final release of GIF2JPG. All the features
of GIF2JPG and JPG2GIF have been embodied in our other
software, Image Alchemy. Version 2.0 fixes all known
bugs that v1.5 contained, and has added some new
functionality; hence, this will be the last release of
this software.
Image Alchemy, along with doing the GIF and JPEG
conversions, can deal with over 50 different file
formats. See the blatant ad for Image Alchemy below.
Change History:
v2.0 10/30/92
GIF2JPG writes out JFIF compatible JPEG files by default now,
rather than HSI JPEG files.
Added revision number and file creation date/time stamp to HSI
JPEG files.
Retain file creation date/time stamp in GIF files if present
in the JPEG file.
Eliminated JFIF marker from HSI JPEG files.
Fixed numerous bugs having to do with accessing drives and
subdirectories other than the current one.
Added MacBinary support.
v1.5 05/13/91
Changed .JPG file format to solve problem which caused some
.GIF files to grow when being converted back from .JPG files.
Added support for reading interleaved GIFs.
The background colour of GIFs is now set to the darkest colour
in the palette.
v1.41 04/24/91
Fixed bug in JPG2GIF which caused some colours to be wrong in
certain images.
v1.4 04/22/91
Added -q option.
Speeded up conversion.
v1.3 04/18/91
Changed error messages, prompts, and examples.
v1.2 03/15/91
Added JFIF support.
v1.1 03/06/91
First release.
Blatant Ad for Image Alchemy
If your interest in image files extends beyond GIF and JPEG
you might be interested in Image Alchemy.
In addition to converting between GIF and JPEG, Alchemy
supports over 50 different image file formats, including TIFF,
Targa, PCX, Sun Raster, IFF/ILBM, PBM, and Encapsulated
Postscript.
Alchemy also allows you to scale an image to a specific size
or by a given factor, preserving the aspect ratio if desired.
This can be done with one of four different scaling
algorithms, ranging from fast and simple to somewhat slower
but more sophisticated.
When reducing the number of colours in an image, Alchemy will
dither the result using one of seven different dithering
algorithms. This gives the impression of a greater number of
colours than actually exist in the image.
Finally, the MS-DOS version of Alchemy supports viewing on
SVGA equipped systems, all the way up to full 24-bit true
colour viewing. If your system does not support this mode,
Alchemy will dither the image on the fly and display it at the
highest possible resolution.
Alchemy also gives you complete control over the palette used
for a given image, allowing you to false colour an image,
match palettes, or extract palettes for custom modification.
If you would like a demo version of Image Alchemy or more
technical information about its capabilities, please contact
us; we will be more than happy to send you a copy of the demo
and answer your questions.
Bugs and Support
If you have a question or think you found a bug in GIF2JPG or
JPG2GIF please contact us. Despite the fact that this is the
final planned release, we would like to know of any problems
with the software. We prefer to be reached by email at the
addresses listed on the front page of this manual. You may
also fax or call us during normal business hours (we are on
the West Coast). Additionally, we have a bulletin board
system running 24-hours a day.
Trademarks
GIF2JPG, JPG2GIF, and Image Alchemy are trademarks of Handmade
Software, Inc.
All other products or services mentioned are trademarks,
registered trademarks, or service marks of their respective
companies or organizations.
Disclaimer
Handmade Software, Inc. makes no warranty of any kind, either
expressed or implied, including but not limited to implied
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose.
In no event shall Handmade Software, Inc. be liable for any
errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential
damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use
of the GIF2JPG or JPG2GIF products or documentation.